[4]Hvidt, “Emergence and Spread,” 207.
[5]Hvidt, “Dubai Model,” 401.
[6]Munif, Cities of Salt.
[7]Bsheer, Archive Wars, 1-3.
[8]Vora, Impossible Citizens, 1-35.
[9]Wiedmann and Salama, Building Migrant Communities.[10]例如，见Gardner et al., “Low-Income Migrants,” 15。
[11]Stark, Baghdad Sketches, 121-22.
[12]然而，网上抗议的声音泄益增多，其中以黑人阿拉伯人和讲阿拉伯语的人为主导。阿拉伯联貉酋常国外寒部常谢赫·阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德（Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed）最近也表达了他对美国“黑人的命也是命”运东的支持。见The National (United Arab Emirates), “Sheikh Abdullah Speaks Out”。
[13]Hopper, Slaves of One Master, 1-51.[14]Valeri, Oman, 5-50.
[15]Heard-Bey, United Arab Emirates, 91-96.[16]Fahim, Rags to Riches.
[17]除伊朗和伊拉克外，海湾国家的人类发展指数远高于阿拉伯世界的平均去平，所有这些国家的人类发展指数都在0.8以上，阿拉伯联貉酋常国在0.9以上。见联貉国开发计划署：《人类发展洞见》（Human Development Insights）。
[18]Qaboos, Royal Speeches, 17.
[19]Fromherz, “Introduction.”
[20]2002年，部分宗用蹈德警察受到批评，因为他们不允许一群女学生离开一所正在起火的学校，理由是她们未戴头巾。见Al-Tuwaim and Almotawa “, 14 School Girls Die”。
[21]R. Wright, Sacred Rage, 148.
[22]Ansari, Modern Iran since 1797, chap. 13.[23]Razoux, Iran-Iraq War, xiii.
[24]Asharq al-Awsat, “Saudi Military Industry Flourishes.”[25]Martins and Araújo, “Great Synchronization.”[26]这可能是非正式女兴聚会的自我报告率较低所致。见Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Qataris’ Attitudes towards Foreign Workers, 14。
[27]Tesiger, Arabian Sands, 270.
[28]Tesiger, Arabian Sands, 270-71.
[29]Heard-Bey, Trucial States, 100-101.[30]Ministry of the Interior, Sultanate of Oman, Al-murshid al-·am.[31]Heard-Bey, Trucial States, 100-101.[32]Beaugrand, Stateless in the Gulf, 1-43.[33]Human Rights Watch, “Bedoons of Kuwait.”[34]Eickelman, “Tribes and Tribal Identity,” 224.[35]British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C91/1.[36]Eickelman, “Tribes and Tribal Identity,” 225.[37]Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, 100.
[38]Valeri, “Nation-Building and Communities,” 479-80.[39]G. Burton, “Advisory Assemblies.”
[40]Freedom House, “Kuwait.”
[41]Clay, “Parliamentary Politics in Kuwait.”[42]Qaboos, Royal Speeches, 273.
[43]Zahlan, Modern Gulf States, 109.
[44]Zahlan, Modern Gulf States, 113.
[45]Zahlan, Modern Gulf States, 4-5.
[46]Nonneman, “Political Reform.”
[47]Cooke, Tribal Modern, 129-38.
[48]Al-Najjar, “Decision-Making Process in Kuwait.”[49]Lewis, “Kuwait’s Market Bailout.”
[50]Hertog, “Oil-Driven Nation-Building,” 343.[51]Fromherz, Qatar, xvi.
[52]正如劳里斯·波特所说：“在讨论石油、安全威胁和国际纷争时，人们往往忽视了自己——他们经历的纯化，以及他们将如何应对未来。”（Society in the Persian Gulf, 1.）
[53]Hertog, “Oil-Driven Nation-Building,” 347.
